Sunday, December 23, 2012

Textile physics: Introduction to textile physics

Textile physics is very important subject for textile engineers or textile related students. I want to share my experience in this site. I am going to discuss about bellow topics. So be with me for more update.


Why study or learn ?

Why study textiles  ?

Why study textile physics   ?

Textile raw materials

Classification of fibers

Engineering approach to fibers, yarns and fabrics

Importance of textile structures for Engineers

Physical and Mechanical properties of various fibers

Textile properties developed by drawing

Design and other fiber attributes

Essential and desirable properties of textile fibers

Influence of fiber fineness

Miscellaneous properties of fibers

Flexural rigidity of textile fibers

Fiber migration

Measurement of fiber migration


PHYSICS FOR TEXTILE FIBRE, YARN AND FABRIC

Definition of yarn

Factors affecting yarn strength

Parameters affecting physical properties of yarn

Classification of yarn

Classification of yarn based on physical and performance characteristics

Description of yarn

Idealizes structural diagram of some yarns

Continuous filament and staple yarn structure

Fundamental structural features of yarn

Yarn designation

Relative consumption of yarn

Sewing thread

Thread sizes

Thread selection


Importance of twist

Types and direction of twist

Bedding or nesting

Determination of twist

Twist effects

Angle of twist and twist factor

Effects of twist on yarn strength, extensibility and luster

Geometry of twisted yarn

Idealized twisted yarn geometry

Various comments on idealize yarn geometry

Yarn size and twist multiplier

Optimum twist factor

Fiber packing in yarn

Open packing of yarn

Hexagonal close packing of yarn

Real yarn packing

Concentrating and disturbing factors

Observed packing of fibers in real yarn

Twist in relation to yarn bending

Relation among twist angle, twist factor and yarn count

Equation for yarn diameter

Equation for specific volume of yarn

Show that d=4.44 x 10-6ÖTex / Density

Relation among twist, diameter and twist angle

Estimation of Schwarz’s constant

Yarn luster

Twist contraction and twist retraction

Limit of twist

Contraction factor and retraction factor

Derivation of expression for prediction of filament strain

Limitations of Platt’s low strain equation



Geometry

Cloth geometry

Reasons for studying cloth geometry

Weave and weave notation

Crimp

Warp crimp and weft crimp calculation

Crimp percentage and take up percentage

Distinction between crimp % (C) and take-up %(T)

Relationship between crimp (%) and take-up (%)

Pierce’s Flexible thread model

Importance of crimp on fabric properties

Fabric behavior during tensile testing

Measurement of crimp

Principles of edged crimped yarn

Crimp measuring instrument

Pierce’s  model for plain weave

Equation for pick spacing (P2) and end spacing (P1)

Equation for maximum warp yarn displacement (h1) and weft yarn displacement (h2)

Dependence of crimp percentage

Crimp interchange

Equation for crimp  interchange

Warp and weft yarn jamming

Equation for warp and weft yarn jamming

Biaxial, tri-axial and balanced structure

Equation for rigid thread model

Why rigid tread model was introduced

Effect of yarn crimp on fabric properties

Concept of similar cloth

Cover factor

Yarn and fabric strength relationship

Handle, drape and shear

Measurement of drape ability

Some tensile properties of fabric


Electrical properties of textiles

Dielectric properties of textiles

Polarization and related effects

Power factor and dissipation factor

Measurement of dielectric properties

Preparation of a test condenser

Measurement of impedance by Scherring’s bridge and resonance method

Factors influencing dielectric properties of textiles

Electrical resistance of textiles

Conductors, semiconductors and insulators

Conduction of electricity in textiles

Influence of dielectric constant on ions

Normal, excited and ionized atom

Electrical resistance of textiles

Measurement of resistances of textiles

Specimen preparation for measuring resistances of textiles

Influence of various factors on resistance of textiles

Static charge

Explanation of static phenomenon

Theories of static charge

Measurement of charge in slivers by Faraday’s cylinder and Medley’s method

Generation of static charge in polymers

Amphoteric behavior of keratin

Piezo and pyro electric charges

Leakage of static charges in air

Leakage of static charges in perfect insulators, moderate insulators, & conductors

Problems of static charges in textile mills

Minimization of static charges in textile mills

The present view about static charges in textiles


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5 Textile Technology: Textile physics: Introduction to textile physics Textile physics is very important subject for textile engineers or textile related students. I want to share my experience in this site. I a...
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