Monday, May 14, 2012
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| yarn |
The Visual Effect obtained by viewing a sample of yarn wound with a designatedtraverse on a black board of designated size.
Nep: A tightly tangled mass of unorganised fiber
Slub: An abruptly thickened place of yarn
Thick place: A yarn defect where the diameter is greater than the adjoiningsegments and extending for 6 mm
Thin Place: A yarn segment where the diameter is 25% lesser than the averagediameter of yarn
Fuzz: Untangled fibers that protrude from the surface of the yarn
Bunch: A yarn segment not over 6 mm in length that shows abrupt increasein diameter caused by more fibers matted in this particular place
Method: Yarn wound on hylam black boards wound for fixed wraps per inch asper count compared with standard reference boards.
Grades: Above ‘A’ to below ‘D’ - The imperfections increase from Grade ‘A’and the maximum in grade ‘D’. Average index of five boards of fivegraders.
2. Yarn Evenness:
Unevenness: Variation in the linear density of a continuous strand or of a portion of astrand.
Apparatus: Uster–Evenness Tester
Principle: Difference in the capacitance variation. Lower the Count lower theImperfections. One km of yarn is run through two capacitance platedat specific speed (fixed as per the count). The capacitance variationis integrated and expressed as % unevenness (U%). Theimperfections are counted and are reported per kilometer.
3. Linier Density of Yarn:
Expression of the fineness of yarn
A number indicating the mass per unit Length or the length per unit mass of Yarn
Direct system: Denier, Tex (Weight Of Unit Length)
Indirect System (Units of Lengths) per (Units of weights)
4. Count Test
- Wrap reel
- Balance
From the weight, the count is calculated.
5. Single Thread Strength Testing
Force Required to break a single strand of yarn of unit length
Apparatus - Single thread Strength Tester
RKM %Elongation
6. Lea Stength Testing
Lea Breaking Strength
The Force required to break one lea
Unit –pounds
Count Strength Product
Apparatus –Lea Tester
7. Principles Of Tensile Testing
Constant Rate of Loading: The Rate of change of Load is constant – Uster Dynamat
Constant rate of Traverse: The pulling clamp moves at a constant rate – Lea – Pendulum tester
Constant rate of Extension: Rate Of change of Specimen length is constant – Statmat
8. Twist Testing
Direction Twist
S –Twist: When Held in vertical position, the spiral confirm in slope to the centralposition of the letter ‘S’
Z –Twist: When Held in vertical position, the spiral confirm in slope to the centralposition of the letter ‘Z’
No of Turns (Twists) per Unit length
Single Twist
Double Twist
Twist Multiplier
Apparatus: Twist Tester
Direct Method
Indirect Method
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